Al and Zack Are Twins with End-Stage Renal Failure Due

question 24

Multiple Choice

Al and Zack are twins with end-stage renal failure due to Alport syndrome. Both are on chronic dialysis and make no urine. Following dialysis, they both weigh the same and have identical serum osmolalities. On the way home from a dialysis session, they stop at Vino's for lunch. Al drinks 1 liter of pale ale and eats a pepperoni calzone (sodium content 140 mEq) . Zack, the designated driver, isn't hungry but drinks 2 liters of lager. When (if) they arrive home, which of the following statements would be true?

• A) Zack's total body water is less than Al's.
• B) Zack's serum osmolality is greater than Al's.
• C) Zack's intracellular fluid (ICF) volume is greater than Al's.
• D) Zack's extracellular fluid (ECF) volume is greater than Al's.
• E) Zack's plasma sodium level is greater than Al's.

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Definitions:

Shared Knowledge

Information, ideas, or understanding that is common to a group of people and forms part of their collective consciousness or culture.

Generations

Groups of individuals, typically within a family, who are born and live around the same time, marking distinct stages in societal or familial development.

Collectivism

A cultural value that emphasizes the importance of the group or community over individual achievements or desires.

Individualism

A social and political philosophy that emphasizes the moral worth of the individual over collective or state interests.