Refer to the Graph Shown

question 157

Multiple Choice

Refer to the graph shown. Say that there is a negative externality associated with the production of the good depicted. The marginal social cost from consuming this good at the competitive equilibrium output level is:

• A) either greater than or less than P₀, depending on the elasticities of supply and demand.
• B) greater than P₀.
• C) less than P₀.
• D) equal to P₀.

Identify the elements required to prove an intentional tort.

Recognize the legal defenses available in tort cases and the conditions under which they apply.

Differentiate between intentional torts and negligence.

Analyze the role of intent in tort law and how it impacts the outcome of tort cases.

---

Definitions:

Depersonalisation

The perception and treatment of self and others not as unique individual persons but as prototypical embodiments of a social group.

Ingroup Prototype

The most representative or ideal example of the characteristics and behaviors of an ingroup, serving as a standard or model for group members.

Outgroup Prototype

refers to the generalized, often simplified, perceptions or stereotypes that individuals hold about members of a group to which they do not belong.

Relative Homogeneity Effect

A perception bias where individuals see out-group members as more similar to each other than in-group members, often leading to stereotyping.