Refer to Map 10

question 5

Essay

Refer to Map 10.1 and show how the focus of medieval Europe was characterized by a "move away from the Mediterranean" and toward the north and west. How did this shift bring Europe into conflict with Islamic civilizations?

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Definitions:

Carboxylic Acids

Organic compounds characterized by a carboxyl group (-COOH), known for their acidic properties.

Grignard Reagents

Reactive compounds consisting of magnesium bonded to an organic group, used in the formation of carbon-carbon bonds.

Infrared Spectrum

A representation of the infrared light absorption or emission of a substance, providing information about molecular vibrations and compound identity.

Carboxylic Acid

An organic compound containing a carboxyl group, characterized by the presence of at least one carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.