What Were the Major Reasons for the Decline of Both

question 10

Essay

What were the major reasons for the decline of both the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates? What role did the umma play in this?

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Definitions:

Phenotypic Expressions

Observable traits or characteristics of an organism that result from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

Colonial Mexico

The period in Mexican history from the early 16th century until the early 19th century when it was under Spanish rule, marked by significant cultural, social, and political changes.

Ancestry

Refers to one's family lineage or the line of descent from one's forebears, often influencing genetic attributes and cultural heritage.

Castas

Castas was a term used in colonial Spanish America to describe mixed-race individuals and the complex system of racial classification that emerged from interactions between Europeans, Indigenous peoples, and Africans.