For Which of These Factors in the Drake Equation Do

question 34

Multiple Choice

For which of these factors in the Drake equation do astronomers actually have observational knowledge rather than just a speculative estimate?

• A) R^*, the rate at which solar-type stars form in the Galaxy
• B) f_l, the fraction of Earthlike planets on which life actually arises
• C) f_i, the fraction of life-forms that evolve into intelligent species
• D) f_c, the fraction of intelligent species that develop adequate technology and then choose to send messages out into space

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Definitions:

Psychoanalysis

A therapeutic technique and theory of psychotherapy developed by Sigmund Freud, focusing on unconscious motivations and conflicts.

Transference

A psychological phenomenon in which individuals redirect emotions or feelings about one person to another, often discussed in psychoanalytic contexts.

Emotional Attachment

The emotional bond that forms between individuals, often influencing feelings of security and affection.

Behavior Therapy

A form of therapy that focuses on changing unwanted or unhealthy behaviors through conditioning techniques.