In the Drake Equation for Estimating the Possible Number of Technologically

question 54

Multiple Choice

In the Drake equation for estimating the possible number of technologically advanced civilizations in the Milky Way Galaxy, why does the factor for the rate at which solar-type stars form in a galaxy exclude massive stars with masses greater than about 1.5 times that of the Sun?

• A) Such stars have much shorter lifetimes than it took for intelligent life to develop on Earth and hence should probably not be considered.
• B) Such stars never develop a nuclear furnace in their interiors and hence can never heat any planet sufficiently to sustain life.
• C) Such stars would never develop nuclear processes that could produce heavy elements (e.g., iron) needed for planetary formation.
• D) Such stars are prone to repeated and violent supernova explosions throughout their lives, which would destroy any developing life-forms.

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Definitions:

Ethical Reasons

Considerations based on moral principles or values, often guiding decisions and actions in professional and personal contexts.

Practical Reasons

Reasons or motives based on practicality or usefulness, rather than theoretical or ethical considerations.

Sexual Harassment

Unwelcome or inappropriate sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical harassment of a sexual nature.

Naturalistic Observation

A research method in which subjects are observed in their natural environment without interference from the researchers.