If the Cosmological Constant Exists, What Physical Effect Is Believed

question 48

Multiple Choice

If the cosmological constant exists, what physical effect is believed to create it?

• A) New matter is constantly being created in the expanding voids between superclusters of galaxies, and the energy released by this creation accelerates the expansion of the universe.
• B) No one knows. The cosmological constant has been hypothesized to exist because astronomers see the universal expansion accelerating, but its source is still a mystery.
• C) Energy released by nuclear reactions in stars and then emitted into space is heating the universe and accelerating its expansion.
• D) Virtual particles that constantly appear and disappear add energy to empty space, and this vacuum energy provides a constant repulsive force that accelerates the universe.

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