Einstein Introduced a "Cosmological Constant" into His Formulation of the Structure

question 90

Multiple Choice

Einstein introduced a "cosmological constant" into his formulation of the structure of the universe as described by his general theory of relativity. How did he envision that the cosmological constant would manifest itself?

• A) as many "white holes" that would contribute matter to an expanding universe to maintain constant density, as required by the cosmological principle-a continuous-creation universe
• B) as an extra "gravity" that would hold the universe against continuous expansion
• C) as antimatter that, by annihilating real matter, would translate matter into energy, thereby maintaining a constant mass density in a condensing universe
• D) as a form of energy that, on its own, would make the universe expand-a form of antigravity

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Definitions:

Groupthink

A phenomenon that occurs within a group of people, where the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.

Realistic Appraisal

The process of objectively evaluating situations, possibilities, and potential outcomes based on factual and rational analysis.

Prevailing Inclinations

Dominant tendencies or preferences that are widespread or common in a particular time or place.

Prejudice

An unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members. Prejudice generally involves negative emotions, stereotyped beliefs, and a predisposition to discriminatory action.