Which of These Phenomena Is NOT Produced by Collisions Between

question 29

Multiple Choice

Which of these phenomena is NOT produced by collisions between galaxies?

• A) hot interstellar gas, detected by recent space-borne X-ray telescopes
• B) concentration of galaxies into clusters and superclusters
• C) distorted spiral arms in many galaxies
• D) initiation of significant new star formation in so-called starburst galaxies

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Definitions:

Negative Reinforcement

Negative reinforcement is a behavioral principle where the removal of an undesirable or unpleasant stimulus following a behavior increases the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future.

Punishment

A concept in behaviorism that involves applying an unpleasant stimulus or removing a pleasant stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.

Rewarding Stimulus

A stimulus that increases the likelihood of a particular behavior by providing a positive outcome or pleasure when the behavior is performed.

Positive Reinforcement

A process in behavioral psychology where a desirable stimulus is presented after a behavior, increasing the likelihood of that behavior being repeated in the future.