The Method Hubble Used to Determine the Distance to the Andromeda

question 23

Multiple Choice

The method Hubble used to determine the distance to the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) , thereby establishing the concept of separate and individual galaxies throughout the universe, was the

• A) observation of Cepheid variable stars.
• B) measurement of the redshift of the whole galaxy.
• C) measurement of stellar parallax, or apparent motion, of stars because of Earth's orbital motion.
• D) observation of the brightnesses of novae.

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Definitions:

Vicarious Learning

A learning process where individuals learn by observing the actions and outcomes of others, rather than through direct experience.

Insight Learning

The process of learning how to solve a problem or do something new by applying what is already known.

Conditioning

A process of behavior modification by which a subject comes to associate a desired behavior with a previously unrelated stimulus.

Reinforcement

In behavioral psychology, a consequence that will strengthen an organism's future behavior whenever that behavior is preceded by a specific antecedent stimulus.