Are the Volcanoes of Io Efficient Replacers of the Surface

question 98

Multiple Choice

Are the volcanoes of Io efficient replacers of the surface of this moon?

• A) No. The volcanoes emit only gases that dissipate into space.
• B) No. The volcanoes emit solid material, mostly sulfur, but this material only coats the surface with about 12 mm per century.
• C) Yes. The volcanoes emit enough so that the whole surface is covered with about 1 m of new material per century.
• D) Yes. The volcanoes emit enough to coat the whole surface with about 1 m of new material per year.

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Definitions:

Nutrient Poor Soil

Soil that lacks essential nutrients required for plant growth.

Herbivores

Animals that primarily consume plant material.

CAM Plants

Plants that use Crassulacean Acid Metabolism, a photosynthetic adaptation to arid conditions, allowing them to minimize water loss.

Stomata

Tiny openings or pores in plant leaves and stems that facilitate gas exchange.