Are the Volcanoes of Io Efficient Replacers of the Surface

question 98

Multiple Choice

Are the volcanoes of Io efficient replacers of the surface of this moon?

• A) No. The volcanoes emit only gases that dissipate into space.
• B) No. The volcanoes emit solid material, mostly sulfur, but this material only coats the surface with about 12 mm per century.
• C) Yes. The volcanoes emit enough so that the whole surface is covered with about 1 m of new material per century.
• D) Yes. The volcanoes emit enough to coat the whole surface with about 1 m of new material per year.

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Definitions:

Null Hypothesis

A hypothesis used in statistical testing that assumes there is no significant difference or effect, serving as the premise to be tested against the alternative hypothesis.

Null Hypothesis

A statement used in hypothesis testing that assumes there is no significant difference or effect and that any observation is due to chance.

Alternative Hypothesis

A theory that proposes there is a statistically significant relationship between two variables, contrasting the null hypothesis.

Criterion Statistic

A statistical value used as a benchmark to evaluate the performance or significance of a test result, often guiding decision-making in hypothesis testing.