The Surface Features and Overall Topology of Venus Have Been

question 7

Multiple Choice

The surface features and overall topology of Venus have been determined primarily by

• A) balloon-borne spacecraft, launched into the Venusian atmosphere by spacecraft.
• B) surface lander vehicles that have explored the surface thoroughly.
• C) visible and UV photography from the space shuttle.
• D) radar methods from Venus-orbiting spacecraft, measuring radio echoes from the surface.

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Definitions:

S-R Association

stands for Stimulus-Response Association, referring to the connection that forms between a specific stimulus and a particular response.

Guthrie

Edwin Ray Guthrie, a psychologist known for his theory that learning occurs through contiguity between stimuli and responses, not through reinforcement.

S-R Association

Refers to the connection between a stimulus and a response in the context of behavioral psychology, emphasizing how behaviors are learned through associations.

Guthrie

Edwin Ray Guthrie was an influential psychologist known for his theory that learning is largely a matter of contiguity or association between stimuli and responses.