Recent Solar Neutrino Experiments Have Confirmed the Suspicion That the Explanation

question 20

Multiple Choice

Recent solar neutrino experiments have confirmed the suspicion that the explanation for the apparent shortfall in neutrino detection rates over the past 30 years is that

• A) the Sun does indeed produce only 1/3 of that predicted by earlier theoretical models; these models require major modification.
• B) 2/3 of the neutrinos from the Sun are absorbed by material between the Sun and Earth.
• C) 2/3 of the solar neutrinos transform into types of neutrinos that were undetectable by old detection techniques.
• D) the detectors were faulty; 2/3 of the neutrinos were missed by the detectors.

Recognize the phenomenon of social atomization in urban settings.

Describe sociological phenomena such as pluralistic ignorance and the bystander effect in the context of urban environments.

Grasp the historical development of cities and the transition to urban living.

Understand the principles of environmental sociology, including the social causes and consequences of environmental problems.

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Definitions:

Conditioned Response

A conditioned reaction developed in response to a previously irrelevant stimulus after its frequent association with a stimulus that elicits an automatic response.

Original CS

In classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus (CS) that is consistently paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US) to produce a conditioned response (CR).

24 Hours

The period of time it takes for the Earth to complete one full rotation on its axis, typically defined as a day.

Discrimination

An aspect of learning in which the organism learns to respond differently to stimuli that have been associated with a US (or reinforcement), and stimuli that have not.