Which Is NOT One of the Research Findings Covered in the Text

question 34

Multiple Choice

Which is NOT one of the research findings covered in the text that addresses the question, "Does prison work?"

• A) Gendreau et al. determined that intermediate sanctions with treatment reduced recidivism by almost 10 percent.
• B) Bonta et al. indicated recidivism rates for federal releases of 40-44 percent within the first two years.
• C) Gendreau et al. found longer or more severe punishment was either related to slight increases in recidivism or no effect.
• D) Smith et al.'s meta-analysis found significant reductions in recidivism with shorter prison terms with treatment.

---

Definitions:

Explicit Attitudes

Attitudes that are consciously recognized and expressed by individuals, reflecting their beliefs or feelings towards an object or subject.

Unconscious Level

A part of the mind that is inaccessible to the conscious mind but that affects behavior and emotions.

Ingroup

A social group to which a person psychologically identifies as being a member, often contrasting with an "outgroup" which the person does not identify with.

Outgroup

An outgroup is a social group to which an individual does not identify, often viewed with less favor than the in-group or the group to which the individual belongs.