The ___________ Hypothesis, That Drinking Is Reinforced by Its Ability

question 23

Multiple Choice

The ___________ hypothesis, that drinking is reinforced by its ability to reduce unpleasant emotions has received ___________ support in the research literature.

• A) tension reduction; inconsistent
• B) tension reduction; strong
• C) positive reinforcement; inconsistent
• D) positive reinforcement; moderate
• E) contingency-expectancy; modest

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Definitions:

Demand

The total amount of goods or services that consumers are willing and able to purchase at a given price over a specified period of time.

Changes in Income

Variations in the amount of earnings received over a period of time, which can affect consumption, savings, and investment behaviors in an economy.

Tastes and Preferences

Factors that influence consumer decision-making, determining the goods or services consumers demand.

Prices of Related Goods

Refers to how the cost of one good or service can affect the demand for another, reflecting the substitution or complementary relationship between them.