Research Has Examined the Degree to Which Individuals' Optimistic and Pessimistic

question 74

Multiple Choice

Research has examined the degree to which individuals' optimistic and pessimistic strategies persist across various contexts. The results of this research suggest that

• A) correlations of strategy use across contexts range from about .30 to .40.
• B) correlations of strategy use across contexts are essentially zero.
• C) the correlation of strategy use across contexts is about .30 for optimism but about -.30 for pessimism.
• D) the correlation of strategy use across contexts is about -.30 for optimism but about .30 for pessimism.

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Definitions:

Dishabituation

A renewal of response to a stimulus following a period of habituation, often due to the introduction of a novel stimulus.

Primary Circular Reaction

In Piaget’s theory, repeating an action that produced a chance event involving the infant’s body.

Mental Representations

Internal images, ideas, concepts, or thoughts that represent external reality or abstract notions within the mind.

Sensorimotor Substage

A phase in early child development in Piaget's theory where infants learn through interacting with the environment using their senses and motor abilities.