The Phylogeny Below Shows Relationships Between Birds and Four Different

question 33

Multiple Choice

The phylogeny below shows relationships between birds and four different dinosaur genera. Based on the logic of phylogenetic systematics, which of the following statement(s) is/are accurate?

• A) Dinosaurs and birds form a monophyletic group.
• B) In order for dinosaurs to be a valid taxon, birds must also be called dinosaurs.
• C) Dinosaurs are a paraphyletic group.
• D) all of the above
• E) none of the above

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Definitions:

Sclera

The white outer layer of the eyeball that, along with other structures, protects the eye and helps maintain its shape.

Cornea

The transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber, contributing to the eye's focusing power.

Pupil

The pupil is the black circular opening in the center of the iris of the eye, which regulates the amount of light that enters the eye.

Iris

The colored part of the eye surrounding the pupil, responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil and thus the amount of light reaching the retina.