Which of the Following Students' Statements Best Summarizes the Research

question 7

Multiple Choice

Which of the following students' statements best summarizes the research on the belief-bias effect?

• A) Petra: "The belief-bias effect shows us how top-down processing influences logical reasoning; we should emphasize the actual information in the reasoning problem."
• B) Chris: "The belief-bias effect illustrates how people systematically keep trying to confirm a hypothesis, rather than trying to disconfirm it."
• C) Josh: "According to the belief-bias effect, people systematically prefer a conclusion that is stated in the positive form, rather than a conclusion that uses the word not."
• D) Cynthia: "The belief-bias effect shows us that people draw conclusions in logical reasoning on the basis of how frequently their prior beliefs come to mind."

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Definitions:

Phillips Curve

An economic theory that suggests an inverse relationship between the rate of inflation and the unemployment rate.

Aggregate Demand

The overall requirement for products and services in an economic setting, identified at a specific price level and time period.

Short-Run Aggregate Supply

The total supply of goods and services that firms in an economy plan on selling during a short-term period, assuming some input prices are fixed.

Inflation

A sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time, leading to a decrease in the currency’s purchasing power.