The Discussion of Reading Comprehension Emphasized That People Draw Inferences

question 66

Multiple Choice

The discussion of reading comprehension emphasized that people draw inferences during reading. For example, when people were reading a passage that contradicted an inference, they usually took longer to read it

• A) if the goal sentence was located near the contradictory material, rather than far away.
• B) only if they were allowed a long processing time between reading the passage and judging it.
• C) in both the "near" and the "far" conditions.
• D) if they were novices, rather than experts.

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Definitions:

Alternating Treatments Design

An experimental design used in research to compare the effectiveness of two or more treatments by applying them alternately in quick succession.

Behavior Change

The transformation or modification of human behavior using various psychological methods, including conditioning.

Sequence Effects

The impact that the order of presenting treatments or stimuli has on the subject's behavior or responses in an experiment.

AB Design

The most basic method for graphing behavioral observations. The designation AB refers to the two phases of the design: (1) the A, or baseline, phase, and (2) the B, or intervention, phase. During the A phase, baseline data are collected and recorded. After a stable baseline trend has been established, a vertical line is drawn, and then the intervention is introduced, which signifies the beginning of the B phase. In this phase, intervention data are collected and recorded. The teacher can evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention by comparing the data trend during the B phase to the behavioral observations collected during the A phase. A problem with this design is that it is impossible to rule out alternative explanations for behavior change during the B phase.