Suppose That You Are Reading an Article About Visual Imagery

question 71

Multiple Choice

Suppose that you are reading an article about visual imagery. The researchers point out that demand characteristics might have influenced the results of this study. One example of this possibility would be:

• A) the participants tried to ruin the researchers' results by refusing to follow directions.
• B) the participants tried to answer as quickly as possible, so they could leave early.
• C) cues within the study conveyed the researchers' hypothesis to the participants, potentially influencing the participants' responses.
• D) the researchers used a heuristic when trying to explain the results of this study.

---

Definitions:

Contingency Contracts

Written agreements used in behavior modification that outline specific expectations and consequences for behavior.

Group-Oriented Contingency

A behavior management approach where the consequences for behavior are applied to a group rather than individuals, often used to promote teamwork and collective responsibility.

Premack Principle

A psychological principle which states that a more probable behavior can serve as a reinforcement for a less probable behavior.

Good Behavior Game

A type of group-oriented contingency that encourages competition between groups and cooperation within groups. Classroom rules are posted and reviewed, and then the class is divided into two or more groups. The teacher makes a tally mark on the chalkboard whenever she observes a student breaking one of the rules. The team with fewer than five tally marks “wins” free time and other privileges at the end of the day. Both teams can “win” if neither has more than five tally marks.