Sean Is Studying for His Philosophy Final Exam

question 33

Multiple Choice

Sean is studying for his philosophy final exam. He knows that the test will be all essays, and he knows that the professor often asks students to compare two philosophical approaches. As part of his studying, he writes several practice essays in which he compares some philosophical approaches. Sean's study method makes use of the cognitive principle called

• A) implicit memory.
• B) the hierarchy technique.
• C) encoding specificity.
• D) method of loci.

Understand the stages of sleep and the cycle of sleep.

Assess and recognize signs of sleep deprivation and its consequences.

Implement non-pharmacological strategies to promote sleep.

Identify patient behaviors that adversely affect sleep and recommend modifications.

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Definitions:

Third-variable Problem

A scenario in research where an unmeasured variable causes or influences both variables of interest, potentially misleading interpretations of a correlation or relationship.

Causal Relationship

A connection between two events or states where one event is understood to be a direct result of the other.

Confounding Variable

An external variable that influences both the dependent and independent variables in a study, potentially skewing the results.

Observational Study

A study in which the researcher observes and records behavior or outcomes without manipulating variables.