Hruska and Colleagues Had Expert and Novice Doctors Read Clinical

question 4

Multiple Choice

Hruska and colleagues had expert and novice doctors read clinical cases and reason about the appropriate treatment while undergoing fMRI neuroimaging. Their results suggested that

• A) experts showed more activation in the prefrontal cortex, areas implicated in working-memory processes, than novices did.
• B) experts and novices showed equal activation in the prefrontal cortex.
• C) neither experts nor novices showed activation in the prefrontal cortex.
• D) expert doctors possessed more sophisticated long-term memory knowledge that reduced the burden on their working memory systems.

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Definitions:

Sampling

A statistical method of selecting a subset of individuals or observations from a larger population to make inferences about the whole population.

Observation

The action or process of closely monitoring or watching something or someone carefully or in order to gain information.

Overgeneralization

The cognitive bias of applying a rule or conclusion too broadly across situations that don't necessarily fit.

Generalization

refers to the process of formulating broad statements or conclusions that apply to multiple instances from specific observations or limited examples.