Chapter 4 Discussed a Classic Study by Wickens and His

question 60

Multiple Choice

Chapter 4 discussed a classic study by Wickens and his colleagues (1976) in which each of five groups of participants learned a series of words belonging to one category (e.g., "occupations" or "meats") . On the final trial, they all switched to words belonging to a new category ("fruits") . What did the results of this study show about the recall for this final set of words?

• A) Contrary to expectations, semantic similarity had no influence on recall.
• B) Contrary to expectations, participants explained that they stored these final words in terms of visual images.
• C) Participants in all five groups showed no release from proactive interference.
• D) Recall on the final set of words was most accurate when the previous items had belonged to a different semantic category.

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Definitions:

Type B

typically refers to a personality trait characterized by less competitive, more relaxed behaviors as opposed to Type A personality.

Environmental Influence

The impact of surroundings, including physical, biological, and socio-economic factors, on living organisms and their development.

Hydrangeas

A genus of flowering plants known for their large, showy blooms that can change color based on the soil pH.

Phenotype

The set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.