An IT Manager Was Interested in Whether There Was Any

question 13

Multiple Choice

An IT manager was interested in whether there was any seniority difference in the use of email.He hypothesized that because managers need to communicate with external agents more than lower-level employees do,they would spend longer using email than their subordinates.To test this hypothesis the IT manager monitored when staff used email and noted whether they were managers or lower-level employees,and then timed how long they spent using email (in minutes) .What should she report?

• A)Managers spent significantly longer using email than non-managers,t(7.18)= -1.90,p < .05
• B)Managers spent significantly longer using email than non-managers,t(14)= -1.90,p < .05
• C)Managers and non-managers did not significantly differ in the time spent using email,t(7.18)= -1.88,ns
• D)Managers and non-managers did not significantly differ in the time spent using email,t(14)= -1.88,ns

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Definitions:

Piaget

A Swiss psychologist renowned for his pioneering work in child development, specifically his theory of cognitive development.

Formal Operational Stage

A stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development where individuals acquire the ability to think abstractly and reason logically.

Physical Environment

The external surroundings and conditions in which an organism lives, including natural and man-made environments.

Lev Vygotsky

A Russian psychologist known for his work on cognitive development, particularly the social development theory which emphasizes the role of social interaction in the development of cognition.