The Matrix Below Describes What Kind of Covariance Structure in a Multilevel

question 13

Multiple Choice

The matrix below describes what kind of covariance structure in a multilevel model?
$\left( \begin{array} { c c c c } \sigma _ { 1 } ^ { 2 } & \sigma _ { 21 } & \sigma _ { 31 } & \sigma _ { 41 } \\\sigma _ { 21 } & \sigma _ { 2 } ^ { 2 } & \sigma _ { 32 } & \sigma _ { 42 } \\\sigma _ { 31 } & \sigma _ { 32 } & \sigma _ { 3 } ^ { 2 } & \sigma _ { 43 } \\\sigma _ { 41 } & \sigma _ { 42 } & \sigma _ { 43 } & \sigma _ { 4 } ^ { 2 }\end{array} \right)$

• A)Variance components
• B)Diagonal
• C)Unstructured
• D)AR(1)

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Definitions:

Regression Toward the Mean

A statistical phenomenon wherein extreme scores on one occasion tend to be closer to the average on subsequent testing.

Illusory Correlation

A cognitive bias where people falsely perceive an association between two unrelated events or variables.

Random Assignment

A procedure in experimental designs that ensures each participant has an equal chance of being placed into any group, reducing biases.

Central Tendency

A statistical measure that identifies a single value as representative of an entire distribution of data, often using the mean, median, or mode.