An Experiment Was Done to Compare the Effect of Having

question 4

Multiple Choice

An experiment was done to compare the effect of having a conversation via a hands-free mobile phone,having a conversation with an in-car passenger,and no distraction (baseline) on driving accuracy.Twenty participants from two different age groups (18-25 years and 26-40 years) took part.All participants in both age groups took part in all three conditions of the experiment (in counterbalanced order) ,and their driving accuracy was measured by a layperson who remained unaware of the experimental hypothesis. Which of the following sentences is the correct interpretation of the main effect of distraction?

• A)There was a significant main effect of distraction,F(2,36)= 45.95,p < .001.This effect tells us that driving accuracy was different for no distraction,hands-free conversation and in-car passenger conversation in the two age groups.
• B)There was no significant main effect of distraction,F(2,36)= 45.95,p > .05.This effect tells us that none of the distraction groups significantly distracted participants across both age groups.
• C)There was a significant main effect of distraction,F(2,36)= 45.95,p < .001.This effect tells us that if we ignore the effect of age,driving accuracy was significantly different in at least two of the distraction groups.
• D)There was no significant main effect of distraction,F(2,36)= 45.95,p = .719.This effect tells us that if we ignore the effect of age,driving accuracy was the same for no distraction,hands-free conversation and in-car passenger conversation.

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Definitions:

Operant Conditioning

The mechanism of altering the intensity of a behavior by the strategic use of endorsements or reprimands.

Cognitive Learning

A style of learning that focuses on understanding, reasoning, problem-solving, and applying information rather than just memorizing facts.

Intelligence

The capacity for learning, reasoning, understanding, and similar forms of mental activity; aptitude in grasping truths, relationships, facts, meanings, etc.

Unconditioned Response

An automatic, innate reaction to a stimulus that occurs naturally without any prior learning or conditioning.