A Psychologist Was Interested in Whether There Was a Gender

question 17

Multiple Choice

A psychologist was interested in whether there was a gender difference in the use of email.She hypothesized that because women are generally better communicators than men,they would spend longer using email than their male counterparts.To test this hypothesis,the researcher sat by the email computers in her research methods laboratory and when someone started using email,she noted whether they were male or female and then timed how long they spent using email (in minutes) .What should she report?

• A)Females and males did not significantly differ in the time spent using email,t(14)= -1.90,p = .10.
• B)Females and males did not significantly differ in the time spent using email,t(7.18)= -1.90,p = .10.
• C)Females spent significantly longer using email than males,t(14)= -1.90,p < .05.
• D)Females and males did not significantly differ in the time spent using email,t(7.18)= -1.90,p < .05,one-tailed.

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Definitions:

Existential Generalization

A principle in logic where from a specific case, one infers the existence of cases or a generic form.

Quantifier Negation

The process of negating the quantifiers in logical expressions, effectively altering the scope and meaning of the statement.

Universal Generalization

A principle in logic and mathematics that allows for the formulation of a general statement from the observation of particular instances.

Existential Instantiation

A logical rule asserting that if an existential statement is true, there is at least one specific instance of its subject that satisfies its predicate.