When Marginal Damages for a Pollutant Vary by Region, Time

question 15

Multiple Choice

When marginal damages for a pollutant vary by region, time of day, or season, a uniform standard

• A)a uniform standard yields a socially efficient level of pollution
• B)individual standards that equate the MAC to each MDC yield a socially efficient level of pollution
• C)there is no current regulation approach that will yield a socially efficient level of pollution
• D)technology standards yield a social efficient level of pollution

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Definitions:

Avoidance Conditioning

A learning process in operant conditioning wherein an individual learns a behavior to avoid an undesired stimulus or outcome.

Aversive Event

An unfavorable or unpleasant event or stimulus that an organism seeks to avoid or escape.

Conditioned Stimulus

A previously neutral stimulus that, after being associated with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response.

Fear Reduction

The process of diminishing the emotional response to a feared stimulus, often through exposure or therapeutic interventions.