Several Studies Have Compared the Ability of Expert Chess Players

question 15

Multiple Choice

Several studies have compared the ability of expert chess players and beginners to memorize the positions of chess pieces arranged in various ways on the board. Which general conclusion do psychologists draw from the results of those studies?

• A) People who become experts must develop greater reasoning abilities, because their memory differs in no way from that of beginners.
• B) People who become experts in any field are likely to be worse than average at skills unrelated to that field.
• C) An important part of expertise is the ability to recognize complex, familiar patterns.
• D) Only people with a superior overall memory are likely to become experts at any skill.

---

Definitions:

Stress Reduction

The process of decreasing the level of stress that an individual experiences, often through techniques like deep breathing, meditation, or exercise.

Thermal Energy

The internal energy contained within a system that is responsible for its temperature.

Guided Imagery

A relaxation and mental wellness technique using calming and positive mental images to influence physical or emotional state.

Health Psychologist

An expert who focuses on how mental, behavioral, and societal influences affect physical well-being and disease.