What Evidence Did Oskar Pfungst Present to Indicate That Clever

question 137

Multiple Choice

What evidence did Oskar Pfungst present to indicate that Clever Hans was not doing mathematical calculations?

• A) Hans was correct no more often than we would expect for chance guessing.
• B) Hans could answer a question correctly only if the questioner knew the correct answer.
• C) Hans could answer correctly only if the questioner made subtle sounds while he was answering.
• D) Hans could answer correctly only if his owner, Mr. von Osten, was present.

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Definitions:

Noncash Asset

An asset that is not in the form of cash and can include things like real estate, vehicles, equipment, and intellectual property.

Fair Value

An appraisal of the market value of an asset or liability, reflecting the price it could be sold for or the payment required to assume the liability, within a structured exchange involving market actors.

Nominal Amount

The face value of a bond or other financial instrument, as distinct from its market value or purchase price.

Underwrites

The process of assessing and assuming the risk of another party, often used in the context of insurance policies or issuing of securities.