What Is the Status of Affirmative Action in College Admissions

question 48

Multiple Choice

What is the status of affirmative action in college admissions after the Supreme Court decisions in the two cases involving the University of Michigan,Gratz v.Bollinger (2003) and Grutter v.Bollinger (2003) ?

• A)Affirmative action policies are generally permissible,but they cannot involve race-based quotas or numerical point systems.
• B)Affirmative action policies are assumed to be unconstitutional unless the university can demonstrate the need to promote racial tolerance.
• C)Affirmative action policies must ensure that all racial and ethnic groups are represented in accordance with the population of the nation as a whole.
• D)All forms of affirmative action are unconstitutional because they unfairly favor some people over others based on the color of their skin.-

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Definitions:

Supply Curve

A graphical representation showing the relationship between the price of a good or service and the quantity that suppliers are willing to offer for sale at that price.

Willingness To Pay

The maximum price at which a consumer is prepared to buy a good or service, reflecting the value they place on it.

Full Cost

The total expense associated with producing a good or service, including both fixed and variable costs.

Producer Surplus

The difference between what producers are willing to sell a good for and the actual price they receive, essentially a measure of producer benefit.