How Can Publication Bias Affect People's Perceptions About the Effectiveness

question 25

Multiple Choice

How can publication bias affect people's perceptions about the effectiveness of antidepressant drug therapy for unipolar depression?

• A) Studies that have positive findings are more likely to be published, which could result in an overstated effectiveness.
• B) Studies conducted by men are more likely to be published, potentially creating a gender bias in the findings.
• C) Studies may not include representative samples from various races and ethnicities.
• D) Study findings that are repeated, and reported in multiple articles, are given greater weight than other studies.

---

Definitions:

Flooding

A psychological treatment method that exposes the patient to their feared objects or situations extensively and intensively.

Phobias

Irrational and overwhelming fears of objects, creatures, or situations, often leading to avoidance behavior.

Paradoxical Intent

A cognitive therapy technique in which an individual deliberately practices or exaggerates a feared behavior or thought in order to diminish its power.

Aversive Therapy

A form of behavioral therapy that involves using unpleasant stimuli to reduce or eliminate undesirable behavior.