According to the Mid-Nineteenth-Century Physicians and Racial Theorists Josiah Nott

question 48

Multiple Choice

According to the mid-nineteenth-century physicians and racial theorists Josiah Nott and George Gliddon:

• A) there were no separate species of races.
• B) blacks and chimpanzees were the same.
• C) skull sizes were the same for all races, but intelligence differed.
• D) there was a hierarchy of races, with blacks forming a separate species between whites and chimpanzees.
• E) there was not yet enough scientific data to prove either the southern or the abolitionist points of view.

---

Definitions:

Ecological Efficiency

The efficiency with which energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next in a food chain.

Trophic Level

The position that an organism occupies in a food chain, defined by how it gains its energy, usually ranging from producers to apex predators.

Energy

The capacity to do work or produce change, existing in various forms such as kinetic, potential, and thermal.

Producers

Organisms in an ecosystem that produce biomass from inorganic compounds, typically through photosynthesis.