A Ruby Laser Delivers a 2

question 58

Multiple Choice

A ruby laser delivers a 2.28-J pulse in approximately 50 nanoseconds. The wavelength of the light is 694.4 nm. At least how many atoms within the ruby rod had to be excited to allow this high-energy laser pulse? (h = 6.63 *10^-34 J.s, c = 3.00* 10⁸ m/s, 1 eV = 1.6 *10^-19 J, and 1 nm = 10^-9 m)

• A) 3 * 10¹⁹
• B) 4 * 10¹⁸
• C) 8 *10¹⁸
• D) 6 * 10²⁰

Understand the concept and applications of alternative dispute resolutions (ADRs) in organizations.

Identify the roles and responsibilities of mediators, arbitrators, and outplacement counselors.

Recognize the impact of employee assistance programs on workplace stability and employee welfare.

Comprehend the significance of open-door policies, peer review, and mediation as conflict resolution methods.

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Definitions:

Ratio

A mathematical relationship between two numbers indicating how many times the first number contains the second.

Interval

A range of values between two points, often used in reference to scales in measurements.

True Zero Point

In measurement scales, a true zero point indicates the absence of the quantity being measured, allowing for ratios to be meaningfully calculated.

Interval Level Variables

Interval level variables are a type of quantitative data where the intervals between values are meaningful, but the data lack a true zero point, allowing for the measurement of difference but not ratio.