In a 1972 Study, Bransford and Johnson Read an Abstract

question 7

Multiple Choice

In a 1972 study, Bransford and Johnson read an abstract passage aloud to participants who then had to recall as much information as possible. Some participants were also shown a picture that was described by the passage either before or after they heard the passage read. The results of this study demonstrated that memory is better when the information:

• A) can be interpreted in the context of things one already knows.
• B) is presented multiple times.
• C) is presented as a verbal description rather than as a picture.
• D) is presented as a picture rather than as a verbal description.

---

Definitions:

Behaviourism

A theory of learning that focuses on observable behaviors and discounts mental activities, asserting that behavior is a result of environmental stimuli.

Observable Behaviour

Actions of individuals that can be seen and measured, often used in psychological studies to understand and predict human behaviors.

Psychology

The scientific study of the mind and behavior, encompassing various aspects of conscious and unconscious experience as well as thought.

Conscious Experience

The awareness of internal or external existence, including thought, feelings, and perceptions.