Whose Book Was the First Widely Read Text to Demand

question 121

Multiple Choice

Whose book was the first widely read text to demand that due process rights be placed throughout the criminal justice system, that sentences reflect the harm done to the state and the victim, and that punishments be quick, certain, and contain a degree of deterrence?

• A)Cesare Beccaria
• B)Jeremy Bentham
• C)William Wilberforce
• D)Emmeline Pankhurst

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Definitions:

Variable-Ratio Schedule

A reinforcement schedule in which a response is rewarded after an unpredictable number of responses, making the reward random.

Fixed-Ratio

A type of reinforcement schedule in operant conditioning where a response is reinforced only after a specified number of responses have occurred.

Discriminative Stimulus

In behavioral psychology, a stimulus that signals the availability of reinforcement or punishment, guiding the organism's responses.

Reinforcer

Something that increases the likelihood of a behaviour by either presenting a positive stimulus or removing a negative one following the behaviour.