Marvin Is Pestering His Mother for an Advance on His

question 76

Multiple Choice

Marvin is pestering his mother for an advance on his allowance,whining for 10 minutes saying things like,"Please,Mom,can't I have my allowance early? Please? Oh,come on,Mom,I need it now.Mom!" His mother ignores Marvin's pleas for 10 minutes,but finally gives in and says,"Oh,all right.Here it is.Anything to stop your whining." If in the future the boy engages in more whining to get what he wants,and the mother gives in even more easily,then according to the principles of the learning theory,Marvin has been ________ and the mother has been ________.

• A) positively reinforced; punished
• B) negatively reinforced; punished
• C) negatively reinforced; positively reinforced
• D) positively reinforced; negatively reinforced

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Definitions:

Variable Costing

A pricing approach that incorporates only variable production expenses—such as direct materials, direct labor, and variable manufacturing overhead—into the costs of products.

Total Period Cost

The sum total of all expenses incurred by a business within a specific period, not directly tied to the production process.

Variable Costing

An accounting method that includes only variable production costs—direct materials, direct labor, and variable manufacturing overhead—in the cost of a unit of product.

Unit Product Cost

The total cost associated with producing a single unit of product, including direct materials, direct labor, and allocated overhead.