A Friend Is Pregnant and You Observe Her Smoking

question 46

Multiple Choice

A friend is pregnant and you observe her smoking.Which of the following is the best advice or information you could give to her?

• A) Nicotine has been linked to mental retardation in infants whose mothers smoked during their entire pregnancies.
• B) Infants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy have higher rates of heart defects, lung defects, and cerebral haemorrhages.
• C) Nicotine is powerfully addictive, and she risks giving birth to an addicted neonate who would experience respiratory distress, asthma, or emphysema.
• D) She should quit smoking because infants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy weigh an average of one-half pound less at birth.

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Definitions:

Methodological Crisis

a situation in a field of study marked by a questioning of traditional research methods and the validity of their results, often leading to reforms.

.05 Level Of Significance

A statistical threshold indicating that the probability of the observed results occurring by chance is 5% or less, suggesting that the results are statistically significant.

"Significant" Findings

In research, findings that are statistically significant indicate that the results observed are unlikely to be due to chance, suggesting a meaningful effect or relationship.

Flukes

Unpredictable events of chance or luck, especially those leading to a favorable outcome.