Which of the Following Is NOT a Factor That Influences

question 13

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the accurate diagnosis of depression among older adults?

• A) Since depression is not common among older adults, reliable clinical diagnostic criteria have not been developed.
• B) Elders may be misdiagnosed as being depressed because they are likely to report symptoms that are common both to older adults and to depressed adults, such as loss of sleep and lack of energy.
• C) Depression may be mistaken for dementia because depression may also cause confusion and memory loss.
• D) Symptoms of depression may be dismissed erroneously as "old-age grumpiness."

---

Definitions:

Epigenetic Theory

The theory that external factors and the environment can affect gene expression and that these changes can be heritable, without altering the DNA sequence itself.

Behavioral Theory

A theory that focuses on explaining and predicting how individuals behave, emphasizing the effects of the environment on behavior.

Cognitive Theory

A theoretical perspective focusing on the processes of thinking, perceiving, remembering, and learning, which influence behavior.

Electra Complex

A concept in psychoanalytic theory referring to a girl's psychosexual competition with her mother for possession of her father.