The Figure Below,based on Data Collected by the National Institute

question 11

Multiple Choice

The figure below,based on data collected by The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,graphically illustrates that a disease is less likely to spread to vulnerable members of a population if most of the population is immunized against the disease.This phenomenon occurs because

• A) when fewer individuals in the population are likely to become infected,fewer people are able to spread the disease,and the vulnerable members of the population are less likely to come in contact with contagious individuals.
• B) if more individuals in the population become infected,fewer people are able to spread the disease,and the vulnerable members of the population are less likely to come in contact with contagious individuals.
• C) if more individuals in the population become infected,more people are able to spread the disease,and the vulnerable members of the population are less likely to come in contact with contagious individuals.
• D) when none of the population is immune to the disease,no one will contract the disease and therefore pass it on to the vulnerable members of the population.

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Definitions:

Type I Error

The mistake of rejecting a true null hypothesis, or in other words, concluding that a difference or effect exists when it actually does not.

Decision Rule

A pre-determined guideline or criterion used to choose between multiple alternatives in the face of uncertainty, often based on statistical analysis.

P Value

The probability of observing the given result, or more extreme, by chance if the null hypothesis is true.

Critical Value

A threshold in hypothesis testing, which when exceeded or not met determines the outcome of the test, often leading to the rejection or acceptance of the null hypothesis.