DrJohnston Has Calculated a Correlation Between the Number of Cigarettes

question 2

Multiple Choice

Dr.Johnston has calculated a correlation between the number of cigarettes smoked per week and the age of his patients at the point of their first heart attack as r = -0.92.Dr.Johnston and his associates claim there apparently is no relationship between smoking and heart attacks.What error has Dr.Johnson made?

• A)No error has been made; an r = -0.92 is so close to 0 that there is no relationship.
• B)A correlation coefficient this close to -1 means there probably is a relationship, but we probably should do a significance test just to be sure.
• C)Not everyone who smokes has a heart attack.
• D)Dr.Johnston should know there are numerous factors involved when a person has a heart attack.

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Definitions:

Clinical Symptoms

Observable signs and reported symptoms that may indicate the presence of a disease or psychological disorder.

Health-Related Symptoms

Manifestations or signs of a condition or disease that pertain to one's health, often prompting the individual to seek medical attention or advice.

Meta-analyses

Statistical techniques that synthesize results from multiple studies on a topic to arrive at comprehensive conclusions about the research evidence.

Contingency Management

A behavioral therapy treatment that utilizes principles of operant conditioning, providing rewards or consequences for patients based on the performance of target behaviors.