Which Is the Best Sequence of Reagents to Use in Synthesizing

question 40

Multiple Choice

Which is the best sequence of reagents to use in synthesizing 2-chloro-4-nitrotoluene from benzene:

• A) Cl₂, FeCl₃; then CH₃Cl, AlCl₃; then HNO₃, H₂SO₄
• B) CH₃Cl, AlCl₃; then Cl₂, FeCl₃; then HNO₃, H₂SO₄
• C) CH₃Cl, AlCl₃; then HNO₃, H₂SO₄; then Cl₂, FeCl₃
• D) SO₃, H₂SO₄; then HNO₃, H₂SO₄; then Cl₂, FeCl₃
• E) HNO₃, H₂SO₄; then Cl₂, FeCl₃; then CH₃Cl, AlCl₃

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Definitions:

Economies of Scale

The reduction in per-unit production costs that occurs when companies grow their scale of operation, demonstrating how larger operation capacity can lead to cost efficiencies.

Price Ceiling

A government-imposed limit on the price charged for a product, intended to prevent prices from rising to levels that are deemed unaffordable or exploitative.

Fair Rate of Return

An acceptable profit level for an investor or entrepreneur, typically established by regulatory agencies for monopolies or utilities.

Average Fixed Cost

The total fixed costs of production divided by the quantity of output produced, illustrating how fixed costs spread over units decrease with increased production.