When Competition Is Present and Private Ownership Rights Are Clearly

question 66

Multiple Choice

When competition is present and private ownership rights are clearly defined and securely enforced,

• A) production and trade are encouraged and plunder (taking from others) is discouraged.
• B) people get ahead by helping others in exchange for income.
• C) employers will have to provide prospective employees with at least as good a deal as they could get elsewhere.
• D) all of the above are correct.

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Definitions:

Causality

Refers to the analysis of causes and their effects. Specifically, causality means that a change in the independent variable (x) produces a change in the dependent variable (y). In analyzing survey data, we establish causality by demonstrating that an association exists between x and y; x precedes y; and the introduction of a causally prior control variable does not result in the original association disappearing.

Empirically Established

Information or theories that are confirmed or supported by observation, experiment, or other forms of scientific research.

Generalizability

The extent to which findings from a study can be applied or extended to broader populations, settings, or times.

Independent Variable

In research, a variable that is manipulated or changed to observe its effects on a dependent variable.