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The Association Between Birth Defects and Smoking During Pregnancy Is

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Essay

The association between birth defects and smoking during pregnancy is investigated in a low SES population. Vital statistics records were used to determine the number of pregnancies that resulted in birth defects. Suppose that 4 birth defects were observed in a total of 2050 pregnancies. What would be the birth defect rate? What is the event rate per 1000 pregnancies?


Definitions:

Final-Offer Arbitration

A dispute resolution process where each party presents their best offer, and an arbitrator chooses one of the offers with no alterations as the resolution.

Cooling-Off Effect

A period designed to allow parties in a dispute to calm emotions and reconsider their positions.

Arbitration

A method of dispute resolution involving a neutral third party who makes a binding decision.

Advisable

Worthy of being recommended or suggested as a prudent or wise course of action.

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