In the CNO Cycle, Carbon Is Used as a Catalyst

question 94

Multiple Choice

In the CNO cycle, carbon is used as a catalyst for the fusion of hydrogen into helium. This means that

• A) three helium nuclei fuse to form carbon.
• B) carbon facilitates the reaction but is not consumed in it.
• C) carbon boosts the energy from the reaction, which is why massive stars are luminous.
• D) carbon breaks apart into three helium nuclei.
• E) the reaction produces carbon nuclei in addition to helium.

---

Definitions:

Manufacturing Overhead

All indirect costs associated with the manufacturing process, including utilities, rent, and salaries of employees not directly involved in production.

Period Costs

Expenses that are not directly tied to production activities and are expensed in the period they are incurred, such as selling, general, and administrative expenses.

Overtime

The time worked by an employee or workers beyond the standard hours of work, usually compensated at a higher rate.

Idle Time

Time periods when resources such as personnel or machines are not actively engaged in production, often leading to inefficiency and increased costs.