Assume That When a Supermassive Black Hole Accretes Gas, Approximately

question 49

Multiple Choice

Assume that when a supermassive black hole accretes gas, approximately 20 percent of the accreted mass is converted directly into energy, which is radiated away.If a quasar has a luminosity of 10¹³ L_SUN, then what must be its mass accretion rate? Note that the Sun has a luminosity of 4 x10²⁶ W, and a mass of 2 x10³⁰ kg.

• A) 1 M_SUN per year
• B) 3.5 M_SUN per year
• C) 1 M_SUN per century
• D) 3.5 M_SUN per century
• E) 1 M_SUN per million years

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Definitions:

Self-serving Bias

A common tendency to attribute positive events to one's own character but attribute negative events to external factors.

Defensive Self-esteem

A fragile form of self-esteem that is highly sensitive to perceived threats and criticism, often leading to aggressive or defensive reactions to protect self-worth.

Social-cognitive

Pertaining to the understanding of social interactions and processes through cognitive mechanisms, including thoughts, perceptions, and expectations.

Trait

A unique trait or feature, usually associated with an individual.