In Studying Galaxies of Various Morphological Types, Scientists Have Estimated

question 58

Essay

In studying galaxies of various morphological types, scientists have estimated equivalent mass-to-light ratios (M/L) of about 1-30 in solar units (1 M_SUN/1 L_SUN), with ratios being lower for spiral galaxies and higher for elliptical galaxies.In galaxy clusters, however, the typical total mass-to-light ratio is estimated in the range 300-600 (M_SUN/L_SUN).What is the implication of these numbers?

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Definitions:

Hierarchy of Authority

An organizational structure in which authority and responsibility are clearly defined and arranged in a graded series from top level to lower levels.

Interacting Subsystems

Components within a larger system that affect each other's functioning through their interconnection and flow of information.

Production Function

An economic model that describes the relationship between input resources and the output of goods or services that result from those inputs.

Managerial Subsystem

A component of an organization that focuses on administrative and decision-making functions, essential for directing the organization towards its goals.