In Mechanically Ventilated Patients, the Addition of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure

question 44

Multiple Choice

In mechanically ventilated patients, the addition of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to normal tidal volumes is associated with which of the following effects?
1) Decrease in intrapulmonary shunting
2) Increase in functional residual capacity
3) Increase in partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO₂)
4) Increase in residual volume

• A)1 and 4
• B)2 and 3
• C)1, 2, and 3
• D)2, 3, and 4

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Definitions:

Transformational Change

A comprehensive shift in the strategy, structure, and culture of an organization, leading to significant improvements in performance and outcomes.

Top-down Change

Organizational change initiatives that are initiated by senior management and flow down through the hierarchy.

Frame-breaking Change

Significant transformations in an organization that dramatically alter its processes, culture, or structure.

Incremental Change

Gradual adjustments or improvements made over time to processes, policies, or products rather than large, radical shifts.