Pyelonephritis May Be Distinguished from Cystitis by the Presence in Pyelonephritis

question 52

Multiple Choice

Pyelonephritis may be distinguished from cystitis by the presence in pyelonephritis of:

• A) microbes, leukocytes, and pus in the urine.
• B) painful micturition.
• C) urgency and frequency.
• D) urinary casts and flank pain.

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Definitions:

Hydrophilic Functional Groups

Chemical groups attached to molecules that are attracted to water, making the molecule soluble in water.

Soluble

Capable of being dissolved in a solvent, typically referring to substances that can dissolve in water.

Oxygen Atoms

Fundamental particles that make up oxygen gas (O2), essential for cellular respiration and critical to life's biochemical processes.

Saturated Triacylglycerol

A type of fat molecule known as a triglyceride, where all carbon atoms in the fatty acid chains are saturated with hydrogen atoms, resulting in no double bonds.